Nicotine withdrawal

Signs and Symptoms of Nicotine Withdrawal

• Cravings for nicotine
• Anger or irritability
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Impatience

Definition and Characteristics of Nicotine Withdrawal

• Effects experienced after discontinuing or decreasing nicotine use
• Nicotine is an addictive substance found in tobacco and tobacco products
• Symptoms appear 2-3 hours after last nicotine intake
• Withdrawal is most common and intense in cigarette smokers
• Cravings can persist for years in some individuals

Causes of Nicotine Withdrawal

• Nicotine binds to nicotinic receptors in the brain, causing an increase in dopamine
• Physical dependence on nicotine leads to withdrawal symptoms
• Other receptors, such as opiate, serotonergic, glutamic, cannabinoid, and corticotrophin receptors, may also play a role
• Environmental cues associated with smoking can trigger withdrawal symptoms
• Changes in levels of various medications may be required during nicotine cessation

Treatment Options for Nicotine Withdrawal

• Gradually reducing nicotine intake
• Nicotine replacement therapy
• Pharmacological treatment (bupropion, varenicline, cytisine, nortriptyline, clonidine)
• Cognitive behavioral therapy
• Increased exercise and behavior changes can also help reduce withdrawal symptoms

Epidemiology and Factors Influencing Nicotine Withdrawal

• Most nicotine users experience withdrawal symptoms when attempting to quit
• Symptoms are milder in isolated nicotine users compared to tobacco users
• Heavier users and those with a psychiatric disorder tend to have more severe withdrawal
• Genetics can influence the severity of withdrawal
• Quit smoking programs can improve the success of quitting and managing withdrawal symptoms

Nicotine withdrawal Mentions

Nicotine withdrawal Data Sources