Oral cancer

Definition, Symptoms, and Diagnosis of Oral Cancer

• Oral cancer is a cancer of the lining of the lips, mouth, or upper throat.
• It often starts as a painless white patch in the mouth that thickens and develops red patches, ulcers, and continues to grow.
• On the lips, it appears as a persistent crusting ulcer that does not heal and slowly grows.
• Other symptoms include difficult or painful swallowing, new lumps or bumps in the neck, swelling in the mouth, or numbness in the mouth or lips.
• Diagnosis is made through a biopsy of the concerning area.
• Additional investigations include CT scan, MRI, and PET scan to determine the extent of the cancer.
• Examination is done to check if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
• Oral cancer is a subgroup of head and neck cancers.
• Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment.

Risk Factors for Oral Cancer

• Tobacco and alcohol use are significant risk factors for oral cancer.
• Those who use both alcohol and tobacco have a 15 times greater risk compared to non-users.
• HPV infection is another risk factor for oral cancer.
• Chewing paan, a mixture of betel leaf and areca nut, increases the risk.
• Sun exposure on the lower lip is also a risk factor.

Prevention and Treatment of Oral Cancer

• Oral cancer can be prevented by avoiding tobacco products and limiting alcohol use.
• Sun protection on the lower lip is recommended.
• HPV vaccination and avoidance of paan can also help prevent oral cancer.
• Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy.
• The choice of treatment depends on the size, location, and spread of the cancer, as well as the overall health of the patient.

Global Statistics on Oral Cancer

• In 2018, oral cancer affected approximately 355,000 people worldwide and caused 177,000 deaths.

US Statistics on Oral Cancer

• Between 1999 and 2015, the rate of oral cancer in the United States increased by 6%.
• During the same period, deaths from oral cancer decreased by 7%.
• The incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer remain significant public health concerns.
• Awareness, early detection, and access to appropriate treatment are essential in reducing the impact of oral cancer.

Oral cancer Data Sources